See dōkaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "dōcincel"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain",
"with change in meaning"
],
"sense": "bastard, mongrel",
"word": "dōc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Douk"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "doek"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "dōk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Dook"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "dúkur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "dúkur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dok"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "dūker"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "dug"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dúkr"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Duak"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "dôk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Dook"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "dúkur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "dúkur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dok"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "dūker"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "dug"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dúkr"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Duak"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "dûk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "dōk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Shona",
"lang_code": "sn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dhuku"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doekoe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nkonya",
"lang_code": "nko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Wali (Ghana)",
"lang_code": "wlx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "’duuku"
}
],
"lang": "Akan",
"lang_code": "ak",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Akebu",
"lang_code": "keu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "ɖuku-yǝ"
},
{
"lang": "Lokono",
"lang_code": "arw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doko"
},
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duck"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dook"
},
{
"lang": "Fon",
"lang_code": "fon",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dukwí"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ズック"
},
{
"lang": "Mbelime",
"lang_code": "mql",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "dukìhṵ̀"
},
{
"lang": "Nawdm",
"lang_code": "nmz",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "dukŋa"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dook"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caribbean Javanese",
"lang_code": "jvn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doekoe"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "dook"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "doec"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*dōk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Shona",
"lang_code": "sn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dhuku"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doekoe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nkonya",
"lang_code": "nko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Wali (Ghana)",
"lang_code": "wlx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "’duuku"
}
],
"lang": "Akan",
"lang_code": "ak",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Akebu",
"lang_code": "keu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "ɖuku-yǝ"
},
{
"lang": "Lokono",
"lang_code": "arw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doko"
},
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duck"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dook"
},
{
"lang": "Fon",
"lang_code": "fon",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dukwí"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ズック"
},
{
"lang": "Mbelime",
"lang_code": "mql",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "dukìhṵ̀"
},
{
"lang": "Nawdm",
"lang_code": "nmz",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "dukŋa"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dook"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caribbean Javanese",
"lang_code": "jvn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doekoe"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "dook"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "doec"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*duoc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swabian",
"lang_code": "swg",
"word": "Tuach"
}
],
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "Tuech"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"word": "Duch"
},
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "tuach"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tuko"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Tuch"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Duch"
},
{
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"word": "Duch"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "tukh",
"word": "טוך"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "tuoch"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "tuoh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "toca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tocque"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tocca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "toca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tocque"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "toca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "toca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tocque"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tòcche"
},
{
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "toh"
}
],
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "toh"
}
],
"lang": "Lombardic",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*tuoh"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*dōk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰweg-",
"t": "cloth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰweg- (“cloth”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ध्वज",
"3": "",
"4": "flag, banner",
"tr": "dhvajá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ध्वज (dhvajá, “flag, banner”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *dʰweg- (“cloth”), and compared with Sanskrit ध्वज (dhvajá, “flag, banner”). However, Kroonen rejects this theory, noting the irregular sound shift from *dʰw- > *do required for cognacy, and leaves the origin open.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dōk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*dōkaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōkaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cloth, rag"
],
"id": "en-dōkaz-gem-pro-noun-DpzoJH71",
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"rag",
"rag"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "dakkōną"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɔː.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "dōkaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "dōcincel"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain",
"with change in meaning"
],
"sense": "bastard, mongrel",
"word": "dōc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Douk"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "doek"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "dōk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Dook"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "dúkur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "dúkur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dok"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "dūker"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "dug"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dúkr"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Duak"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "dôk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Dook"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "dúkur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "dúkur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dok"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "dūker"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "dug"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dúkr"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Duak"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "dûk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "dōk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Shona",
"lang_code": "sn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dhuku"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doekoe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nkonya",
"lang_code": "nko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Wali (Ghana)",
"lang_code": "wlx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "’duuku"
}
],
"lang": "Akan",
"lang_code": "ak",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Akebu",
"lang_code": "keu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "ɖuku-yǝ"
},
{
"lang": "Lokono",
"lang_code": "arw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doko"
},
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duck"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dook"
},
{
"lang": "Fon",
"lang_code": "fon",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dukwí"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ズック"
},
{
"lang": "Mbelime",
"lang_code": "mql",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "dukìhṵ̀"
},
{
"lang": "Nawdm",
"lang_code": "nmz",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "dukŋa"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dook"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caribbean Javanese",
"lang_code": "jvn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doekoe"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "dook"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "doec"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*dōk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Shona",
"lang_code": "sn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dhuku"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doekoe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nkonya",
"lang_code": "nko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Wali (Ghana)",
"lang_code": "wlx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "’duuku"
}
],
"lang": "Akan",
"lang_code": "ak",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Akebu",
"lang_code": "keu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "ɖuku-yǝ"
},
{
"lang": "Lokono",
"lang_code": "arw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doko"
},
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duck"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dook"
},
{
"lang": "Fon",
"lang_code": "fon",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dukwí"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duk"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ズック"
},
{
"lang": "Mbelime",
"lang_code": "mql",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "dukìhṵ̀"
},
{
"lang": "Nawdm",
"lang_code": "nmz",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via an intermediary language"
],
"word": "dukŋa"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dook"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caribbean Javanese",
"lang_code": "jvn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "doekoe"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duku"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doek"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "dook"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "doec"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*duoc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swabian",
"lang_code": "swg",
"word": "Tuach"
}
],
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "Tuech"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"word": "Duch"
},
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "tuach"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tuko"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Tuch"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Duch"
},
{
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"word": "Duch"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "tukh",
"word": "טוך"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "tuoch"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "tuoh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "toca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tocque"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tocca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "toca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tocque"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "toca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "toca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "toque"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tocque"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tòcche"
},
{
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "toh"
}
],
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "toh"
}
],
"lang": "Lombardic",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*tuoh"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*dōk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰweg-",
"t": "cloth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰweg- (“cloth”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ध्वज",
"3": "",
"4": "flag, banner",
"tr": "dhvajá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ध्वज (dhvajá, “flag, banner”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *dʰweg- (“cloth”), and compared with Sanskrit ध्वज (dhvajá, “flag, banner”). However, Kroonen rejects this theory, noting the irregular sound shift from *dʰw- > *do required for cognacy, and leaves the origin open.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dōk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dōkamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*dōkaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōkaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "dakkōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"cloth, rag"
],
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"rag",
"rag"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɔː.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "dōkaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dōkaz meaning in All languages combined (12.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.